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Environmental Lead Exposure in Polish Children: Blood Lead Levels, Major Sources and Principles of the Lead Poisoning Prevention

机译：波兰儿童的环境铅暴露：血液 铅水平，铅的主要来源和原理 预防中毒

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In Poland, children are exposed to lead from the combustion of leaded gasoline and industrial processes.Since the early 1990s, emission levels have declined, and a ban on leaded petrol is anticipated in 2005. Majorindustrial sources are located in Silesia Province and the copper mining centre (Legnica region). Concernsabout, lead exposure in children date back to the 1980s; mean blood lead levels (BILL)reported in childrenliving near lead smelters in Silesia exceeded 20ug/dl. in the 1990s, mean BLLs were decreasing, both inurban children and those living near lead industry. Lower than the CDC action level of 101ug/dl, they werehowever higher than mean values in children from the other countries, where leaded gasoline had alreadybeen banned. Childhood lead poisoning prevention requires a comprehensive approach, involving differentsectors. Medical prevention focuses on the early detection of exposed child by the blood lead testing andindividual case management. An increasing body of evidence, indicating adverse effects even below thecurrent “safe” level of 101ug/dl, argues for intensification of the primary prevention, which requires legal,economic and technical measures. Public health efforts should contribute to the reduction and elimination ofsources of exposure in child’s environment and public education campaigns.
机译：在波兰，儿童从铅汽油的燃烧和工业过程中接触铅。自1990年代初以来，排放水平下降，预计2005年将禁止铅汽油。主要工业来源位于西里西亚省和铜矿中心（莱尼卡地区）。有关儿童铅暴露的担忧可以追溯到1980年代。西里西亚靠近铅冶炼厂生活的儿童平均血铅水平（BILL）超过20ug / dl。在1990年代，城市儿童和生活在铅工业附近的儿童的平均BLL均在下降。低于CDC行动水平101ug / dl，但它们高于其他国家（已禁止使用含铅汽油）儿童的平均值。预防儿童铅中毒需要采取综合措施，涉及不同部门。医学预防重点在于通过血铅测试和个体病例管理来早期发现暴露的儿童。越来越多的证据表明，甚至低于目前的“安全”水平101ug / dl的不良反应，都要求加强一级预防，这需要法律，经济和技术措施。公共卫生工作应有助于减少和消除儿童环境和公共教育运动中的暴露源。

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